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- <text id=93TT1252>
- <link 93TO0091>
- <title>
- Mar. 22, 1993: Not-So-Stupid Pet Tricks
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Mar. 22, 1993 Can Animals Think
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- COVER STORY, Page 60
- Not-So-Stupid Pet Tricks
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> I once knew a golden retriever named Newton who had a
- perverse sense of humor. Whenever I tossed out a Frisbee for him
- to chase, he'd take off in hot pursuit but then seem to lose
- track of it. Trotting back and forth only a yard or two from the
- toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the trees. He
- seemed genuinely baffled. Finally, I'd give up and head into the
- field to help him out. But no sooner would I get within 10 ft. of
- him than he would invariably dash straight over to the Frisbee,
- grab it and start running like mad, looking over his shoulder
- with what looked suspiciously like a grin.
- </p>
- <p> Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is
- eager to share it with anyone who will listen. On very short
- notice, TIME staffers came up with 25 anecdotes about what each
- is convinced is the smartest pet in the world. Among them: the
- cat who closes the door behind him when he goes into the
- bathroom; the cat who uses a toilet instead of a litter box--and flushes it afterward; the dog who goes wild when he sees his
- owner putting on blue jeans instead of a dress because jeans
- mean it is time to play; and the cat who used to wait patiently
- at the bus stop every day for a little girl, then walk her the
- six blocks home. And so on.
- </p>
- <p> These behaviors are certainly clever, but what do they
- mean? Was Newton really devious? Can a cat really crave privacy
- on the potty? In short, do household pets really have a mental
- and emotional life? Their owners think so, but until recently,
- animal-behavior experts would have gone ballistic on hearing
- such a question. The worst sin in their moral vocabulary was
- anthropomorphism, projecting human traits onto animals. A dog or
- a cat might behave as if it were angry, lonely, sad, happy or
- confused, but that was only in the eye of the beholder. What was
- going on, they insisted, was that the dog or cat had been
- conditioned, through a perhaps inadvertent series of
- punishments and rewards, to behave a certain way. The behavior
- was a mechanical result of the training.
- </p>
- <p> But that has become a minority viewpoint. Explains Alan
- Beck, an animal ecologist at Purdue: "There are undoubtedly
- still scientists out there who question the intelligence of dogs
- and cats because they don't have the hard data. They feel it's
- unscientific to acknowledge phenomena we can't prove." But the
- majority of Beck's colleagues, he says, now accept the notion
- that animals have, for lack of a better phrase, an emotional and
- intellectual life. "I am absolutely convinced, for example, that
- my dog feels guilty when he defecates on the rug," says Beck.
- "A blind observer could see it. He behaves the same way I would
- have if my mother had caught me doing it. If it looks the same
- as human behavior in the same situation and is being used to
- solve the same problem, why shouldn't you be able to use words
- we use for human emotions to describe it?"
- </p>
- <p> Ethologist Marc Bekoff of the University of Colorado
- agrees: "I have no doubt that my dog Jethro experiences beliefs
- about the outcome of his actions, expectations about the future.
- He has goals. If he tries to solicit play and I don't play with
- him, he is surprised--and he looks it. It's just wrong to say
- dogs don't have thoughts and beliefs about their world just
- because these might be different from our beliefs."
- </p>
- <p> None of this comes as a surprise to Warren Eckstein, an
- animal behaviorist and radio broadcaster who produces the animal
- segments on television's Live with Regis & Kathie Lee. "Years
- ago," he says, "I wrote an article on the effects of divorce on
- pets. People said I was crazy. Now it's actively under
- research." Eckstein even attacks the conventional wisdom that
- dogs are gregarious and cats are aloof. "It all depends on how
- you treat them. Raise a kitten the way you would a puppy, and
- it will grow up to act like a dog." (Scientists like Bekoff
- insist that the behavioral differences are in fact innate and
- that they are relics of the animals' past: wolves, the ancestors
- of dogs, are pack animals, while most feral cats are solitary.)
- </p>
- <p> The bottom line: anthropomorphism has been proclaimed O.K.
- Your cat may well be grinning at you. Your dog may really be in
- a depression. And pets may be smarter than some of us think.
- After all, it took no time at all for Newton to train me to
- chase him through a farmer's field, trying desperately to
- retrieve a Frisbee.
- </p>
- <p> By Michael D. Lemonick
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-